| There are several types of speeches, and each | | | | main point should be limited to a single idea. Try to |
| have their own organizational patterns and | | | | be creative and avoid just announcing your main |
| elements. In this article, I discuss the parts of an | | | | point. Each main point should be supported by |
| informative speech. An informative speech is | | | | examples, definitions, statistics, comparisons, or |
| similar in structure to the five-paragraph essay | | | | testimony from experts. |
| structure you learned about in high school: an | | | | Transitions |
| introduction paragraph, three main points (the | | | | Between each main point, you should have good |
| body), and the concluding paragraph. You can think | | | | transitions. Transitions are verbal bridges that |
| of an informative speech the same way. | | | | move your audience from one idea to the next. |
| The introduction section of your speech should | | | | A transition is a word or group of words that |
| last about one minute in a five-minute speech. In | | | | show the relationship between ideas as you move |
| the introduction section, you should first gain the | | | | from point to point. Transitions can be effectively |
| audience’s attention, then relate your topic to | | | | indicated by pausing before moving on to another |
| the audience. Next, you should establish your | | | | main point, by changing the rate of your speaking, |
| credibility on your topic, state the purpose of | | | | varying your pitch, or more directly, by using |
| your speech and tell your audience your central | | | | statements that tell an audience you are moving |
| idea, then transition to your first main point. | | | | on. An effective transition summarizes the points |
| | | | preceding it, and previews the next point. For |
| The Speech Body | | | | example: |
| Your three main points should be organized in | | | | Those are the two main problems, now let’s |
| some logical, easy to follow pattern. One pattern | | | | see how they can be solved. |
| you could use is a chronological pattern. With a | | | | Use a variety of transitions and avoid falling into a |
| chronological pattern, your main points would be | | | | rut. Transitions are surprisingly difficult and my |
| organized in time sequence: what occurred first, | | | | students used to tell me that coming with good |
| what occurred second, etc. This pattern would | | | | transitions is one of the hardest parts of speech |
| work well for describing a process, such as a | | | | writing. Here are some examples of transitions |
| recipe, or for discussing periods of time in history. | | | | you can use: |
| Another option for organizing your main points is | | | | - However |
| the spatial pattern. You can logically organize your | | | | - In addition to |
| points based on physical space: top to bottom, | | | | - Similar to this |
| left to right, inside to outside, etc. | | | | - Looking further |
| Another organizational pattern is the causal | | | | - Now consider it from |
| pattern. You can first discuss the cause of a | | | | - Furthermore |
| problem, then the effect, or vice-versa. Related | | | | - More importantly |
| to this pattern is the problem/solution pattern. | | | | - Therefore |
| First discuss the problem, then discuss the | | | | - Despite this |
| solution. | | | | - Now let’s consider |
| The final organizational pattern is the topical | | | | - First of all |
| pattern. You can divide your topic in to it’s | | | | Speech Conclusions |
| logical components and discuss these components | | | | The final part of your speech is the conclusion. In |
| individually. For instance, if your topic is about | | | | your conclusion, you would first signal the end of |
| symphonic orchestras, you could divide your main | | | | your speech, which let’s your audience know |
| points into strings, brass, and woodwind | | | | that you are finishing. Then you recap your main |
| instruments. | | | | points, and finally end your speech with a good |
| You should begin each of your three main points | | | | clincher that reinforces your main idea and ties it |
| by clearly stating what your main point is. Each | | | | all up. |